Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid, TUDCA (CAS: 14605-22-2)

What is Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid, TUDCA?

Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid, TUDCA is a naturally occurring cholic acid analog that belongs to the cholic acid family.

It is a dihydrocholic acid containing a sulfonic acid group and a hydroxyl group, and its chemical structure is 3α,7β-dihydroxy-5β-cholic acid-N-sulfonic acid.

TUDCA chemical raw material appearance is a white powder. The CAS number is 14605-22-2.

Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid mainly exists in bear bile, carp bile, human bile, and other animals, and can also be obtained through artificial synthesis.

Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid is a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent that reduces cellular oxidative stress and inflammation. In addition, Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid also showed positive effects on apoptosis, protection of mitochondrial function, and regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid Biological/Chemical Reaction

Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid, TUDCA has a series of important reactions.

The following are some of the main biological and chemical reactions of Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid:

1. Bile acid cycle: In the liver, bile acids are synthesized and excreted to form bile, and then enter the small intestine to participate in the digestion and absorption of fat. Some bile acids are converted into secondary bile acids, including Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid, by gut bacteria in the small intestine. These secondary bile acids are reabsorbed back to the liver where they continue to circulate in the bile acid cycle.
2. Antioxidant activity: Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid has antioxidant activity, which can remove free radicals in cells, and reduce oxidative stress damage cells.
3. Anti-inflammatory effect: Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid can inhibit the inflammatory response, reduce the activation of inflammatory cells and release inflammatory mediators.
4. Mitochondrial protection: Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid has a protective effect on mitochondrial function, can reduce mitochondrial oxidative stress damage.
5. Regulation of apoptosis: Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid can regulate the signaling pathway of apoptosis, which protect cells from excessive apoptosis.
6. Endoplasmic reticulum stress regulation: Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid plays an important role in the endoplasmic reticulum stress response, helps to regulate the folding and repair of intracellular proteins, and maintains the homeostasis of the endoplasmic reticulum.

Uses of Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid

Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid, TUDCA has a variety of uses mainly covering the fields of medicine and biomedical research.

The following are the main uses of taurocholic acid:

1. Liver protection: Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid is widely used to treat liver diseases, especially liver diseases related to bile acid accumulation, such as primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and liver cirrhosis.
2. Neuroprotection: Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid can inhibit the apoptosis and oxidative stress damage of nerve cells, and help maintain the health and function of nerve cells.
3. Brain health: Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid can improve cognitive function and protect brain health.
4. Metabolic regulation: Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid is involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity.
5. Anti-inflammation and immune regulation: Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid exhibits certain anti-inflammatory and immune regulation effects, which help to reduce inflammation and regulate immune system function.

The preparation method of Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid

The preparation method of Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid, TUDCA mainly includes two kinds of synthesis methods and extraction methods.

Synthesis method:

The synthesis of Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid usually involves chemical modification of cholic acid. The following is a brief synthetic route:

1. Synthesis of glycinate: react glycine with sodium hydroxide to generate glycinate.
2. Synthesis of taurine: react taurine with sulfuric acid or sulfuryl chloride to generate taurine.
3. Synthesis of Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid: react the synthesized glycinate with taurine to generate Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid.

Extraction method:

Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid can also be obtained from natural sources, mainly from the bile of cows or bears. Extraction methods typically involve the following steps:

1. Collection of animal bile: Collection of bile from the gallbladder of a cow or bear.
2. Precipitate bile acid: Use the acid-base precipitation method to precipitate bile acid in bile.
3. Combining taurine: combining taurine with precipitated cholic acid to generate Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid.
4. Purification: the extracted Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid is further purified and purified.

Regardless of the synthesis method or the extraction method, the final Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid needs to undergo strict quality control and testing to ensure its purity and safety to meet the requirements of pharmaceutical and biomedical research. If you have needs, you can contact us for free samples and technical support.

Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid Safety and Risks

Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) is not a completely safe chemical and safety and potential risks should still be considered when using it.

Safety:

1. Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid extracted from natural sources is considered safe.
2. Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid is used as a drug therapy, such as for the treatment of liver diseases, such as cholestasis and bile acid metabolism disorders.
3. Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid is quickly metabolized in the body and will not stay for a long time.

Potential Risks:

1. Individuals may be allergic to Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid, so caution should be exercised before use.
2. High doses of Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid may cause some mild adverse reactions, such as gastrointestinal discomfort and diarrhea.
3. For pregnant and breastfeeding women, as well as people with severe liver problems or other chronic diseases, consult a doctor before using Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid.

Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid Research and Future Development

Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) has important research value in the fields of medicine and biomedicine. The following are the main research and development directions of TUDCA in the future:

1. Liver protection and treatment of liver diseases: Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid reduces oxidative stress and apoptosis in hepatocytes, improves bile flow, promotes bile acid metabolism, and regulates cholesterol metabolism. Therefore, Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid is widely used in the treatment of liver diseases.
2. Neuroprotection and neurodegenerative diseases: Tauroursodeoxycholic acid has the function of neuroprotection and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, tauroursodeoxycholic acid is thought to treat Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and other neurodegenerative diseases.
3. Insulin sensitivity and diabetes: Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid can improve insulin sensitivity and promote the normal secretion and utilization of insulin, which may help prevent and treat type 2 diabetes.
4. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects: As a powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid is a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases and diseases related to oxidative stress.